Energy is the capacity or ability to do work or produce change. It exists in various forms, including kinetic (energy of motion), potential (stored energy), thermal (heat energy), chemical (energy stored in chemical bonds), electrical (energy due to electric charge), and nuclear (energy stored in atomic nuclei). Energy can be transformed from one form to another and is subject to the laws of thermodynamics, which govern its conservation and conversion. In physics, energy is measured in joules, and it plays a fundamental role in all physical processes, driving everything from motion and heat to chemical reactions and biological functions. The concept of energy is central to many fields, including physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering, and it underlies the various interactions and transformations that occur in the natural world.
A breakthrough lithium-ion battery charges fully in just ten minutes at temperatures as low as -10°C, revolutionizing winter driving for electric vehicles (EVs). The key innovation is a 20-nanometer coating of Li₃BO₃-Li₂CO₃, acting as a single-ion conducting glassy solid electrolyte, enhancing ion movement within the battery. Laser-prepared electrodes further improve ion flow, resulting in a … Read more
The U.S. strategy under Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent aims to severely restrict Iran’s oil exports, aiming to cripple its economy. The approach relies heavily on economic sanctions designed to undercut Iran’s energy sector and diminish its military capabilities, like drone production. Global financial pressures are part of the plan, including severing Iran’s ties to international … Read more